botulismˈbɒtʃ əˌlɪz əm
botulism (n)
English Definitions:
botulism (noun)
food poisoning from ingesting botulin; not infectious; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
botulism (Noun)
A rare but serious medical condition caused by ingesting the nerve toxin botulin, that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
Botulism
Botulism is, in humans, a rare but sometimes fatal paralytic illness. Foodborne botulism is an intoxication caused by consuming food contaminated with the botulinum toxin; it is not passed on from person to person when the skin is intact. Infant botulism is a toxico-infection where the gastro-intestinal tract is colonized by spores prior to the protective intestinal bacterial flora having developed and wound botulism is found most often among substance abusers when spores enter a wound under the skin, and, in the absence of oxygen are activated and release toxin. The toxin is a protein produced under anaerobic conditions by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and affects a wide range of animals, including mammals, birds and fish. In domestic fowl, such as ducks, chickens, etc. as well as in birds in the wild, the disease is known as Limberneck. Clostridium botulinum is a large anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that forms subterminal endospores. There are seven serological varieties of the bacterium denoted by the letters A to G. The toxin from all of these acts in the same way and producing similar symptoms: acetylcholine is prevented from being released from the motor nerve endings causing flaccid paralysis and symptoms of blurred vision, ptosis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or constipation, cramps, respiratory difficulty.
Botulism
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease begins with weakness, blurred vision, feeling tired, and trouble speaking. This may then be followed by weakness of the arms, chest muscles, and legs. Vomiting, swelling of the abdomen, and diarrhea may also occur. The disease does not usually affect consciousness or cause a fever. Botulism can be spread in several ways. The bacterial spores which cause it are common in both soil and water. They produce the botulinum toxin when exposed to low oxygen levels and certain temperatures. Foodborne botulism happens when food containing the toxin is eaten. Infant botulism happens when the bacteria develops in the intestines and releases the toxin. This typically only occurs in children less than six months old, as protective mechanisms develop after that time. Wound botulism is found most often among those who inject street drugs. In this situation, spores enter a wound, and in the absence of oxygen, release the toxin. It is not passed directly between people. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding the toxin or bacteria in the person in question. Prevention is primarily by proper food preparation. The bacteria, though not the spores, are destroyed by heating it to more than 85 °C (185 °F) for longer than 5 minutes. Honey can contain the organism, and for this reason, honey should not be fed to children under 12 months. Treatment is with an antitoxin. In those who lose their ability to breathe on their own, mechanical ventilation may be necessary for months. Antibiotics may be used for wound botulism. Death occurs in 5 to 10% of people. Botulism also affects many other animals. The word is from Latin botulus, meaning sausage.
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