diamondˈdaɪ mənd, ˈdaɪ ə-
English Definitions:
diamond (noun)
a transparent piece of diamond that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem
diamond, adamant (noun)
very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem
rhombus, rhomb, diamond (noun)
a parallelogram with four equal sides; an oblique-angled equilateral parallelogram
diamond (noun)
a playing card in the minor suit that has one or more red rhombuses on it
"he led a small diamond"; "diamonds were trumps"
baseball diamond, diamond, infield (noun)
the area of a baseball field that is enclosed by 3 bases and home plate
ball field, baseball field, diamond (noun)
the baseball playing field
diamond (Noun)
A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.
diamond (Noun)
A gemstone made from this mineral.
diamond (Noun)
A ring containing a diamond.
diamond (Noun)
A very pale blue color/colour.
diamond (Noun)
Something that resembles a diamond.
diamond (Noun)
A rhombus, especially when oriented so that its longer axis is vertical.
diamond (Noun)
The polyiamond made up of two triangles.
diamond (Noun)
The entire field of play used in the game.
diamond (Noun)
The infield of a baseball field.
diamond (Verb)
to adorn with or as if with diamonds
diamond (Noun)
A card of the diamonds suit.
diamond (Adjective)
made of, or containing diamond, a diamond or diamonds.
diamond (Adjective)
of, relating to, or being a sixtieth anniversary.
diamond (Adjective)
of, relating to, or being a seventy-fifth anniversary.
Diamond (ProperNoun)
of modern usage, from the name of the gem.
Diamond
In mineralogy, diamond is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice. Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at ambient conditions. Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms. In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material. Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells. Diamond has remarkable optical characteristics. Because of its extremely rigid lattice, it can be contaminated by very few types of impurities, such as boron and nitrogen. Combined with wide transparency, this results in the clear, colorless appearance of most natural diamonds. Small amounts of defects or impurities color diamond blue, yellow, brown, green, purple, pink, orange or red. Diamond also has relatively high optical dispersion, which results in its characteristic luster. Excellent optical and mechanical properties, notably unparalleled hardness and durability, make diamond the most popular gemstone.
Diamond
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. They are also the reason that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to pressures found deep in the Earth. Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it (two exceptions are boron and nitrogen). Small numbers of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) color diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown (defects), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange, or red. Diamond also has a very high refractive index and a relatively high optical dispersion. Most natural diamonds have ages between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years. Most were formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometres (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometres (500 mi). Under high pressure and temperature, carbon-containing fluids dissolved various minerals and replaced them with diamonds. Much more recently (hundreds to tens of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. Synthetic diamonds can be grown from high-purity carbon under high pressures and temperatures or from hydrocarbon gases by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Imitation diamonds can also be made out of materials such as cubic zirconia and silicon carbide. Natural, synthetic and imitation diamonds are most commonly distinguished using optical techniques or thermal conductivity measurements.
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