morphineˈmɔr fin; -fi ə
morphine (n)
- plural
- morphines
English Definitions:
morphine, morphia (noun)
an alkaloid narcotic drug extracted from opium; a powerful, habit-forming narcotic used to relieve pain
morphine (Noun)
A crystalline alkaloid (7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-3,6-diol), extracted from opium, the salts of which are soluble in water and are used as analgesics, anaesthetics and sedatives; it is one of a group of morphine alkaloids.
Morphine
Morphine is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic needle in 1857. It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus. After it was isolated from opium by Sertürner, the traditional way to obtain morphine had been by chemical processing of opium. In India, opium harvested by licensed poppy farmers is dehydrated to uniform levels of hydration at government processing centers, and then sold to pharmaceutical companies, which extract morphine from the opium. However in Turkey and Tasmania morphine is obtained by harvesting and processing the fully mature dry seed pods, with attached stalks, called poppy straw. By not harvesting opium at all, and by obtaining morphine only from the dry poppy straw, and not from opium, and by using a large scale industrial process to do so, at factories located near the poppy farms, opportunities for illicitly diverting opium from the crop, and for illicit production of morphine, and heroin from the opium, are reduced. In Turkey, a water extraction process is used. In Tasmania, a solvent extraction process is used.
Morphine
Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as a pain medication, and is also commonly used recreationally, or to make other illicit opioids. There are numerous methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle; by injection under the skin; intravenously; injection into the space around the spinal cord; transdermal; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psychological dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated administration. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain and is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction, kidney stones, and during labor. Its maximum effect is reached after about 20 minutes when administered intravenously and 60 minutes when administered by mouth, while the duration of its effect is 3–7 hours. Long-acting formulations of morphine are available as MS-Contin, Kadian, and other brand names as well as generically.Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, nausea, and low blood pressure. Morphine is addictive and prone to abuse. If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. Common side effects of morphine include drowsiness, vomiting, and constipation. Caution is advised for use of morphine during pregnancy or breast feeding, as it may affect the health of the baby.Morphine was first isolated between 1803 and 1805 by German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner. This is generally believed to be the first isolation of an active ingredient from a plant. Merck began marketing it commercially in 1827. Morphine was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic syringe in 1853–1855. Sertürner originally named the substance morphium, after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus, as it has a tendency to cause sleep.The primary source of morphine is isolation from poppy straw of the opium poppy. In 2013, approximately 523 tons of morphine were produced. Approximately 45 tons were used directly for pain, an increase of 400% over the last twenty years. Most use for this purpose was in the developed world. About 70 percent of morphine is used to make other opioids such as hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and heroin. It is a Schedule II drug in the United States, Class A in the United Kingdom, and Schedule I in Canada. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Morphine is sold under many brand names. In 2020, it was the 140th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.
Citation
Use the citation below to add this dictionary page to your bibliography:
Style:MLAChicagoAPA
"morphine." Kamus.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 25 Apr. 2024. <https://www.kamus.net/english/morphine>.
Discuss this bahasa indonesia morphine translation with the community:
Report Comment
We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.
If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly.
Attachment
You need to be logged in to favorite.
Log In