chromosomeˈkroʊ məˌsoʊm
chromosome (n)
- plural
- chromosomes
English Definitions:
chromosome (noun)
a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
"humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"
chromosome (Noun)
A structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA, histone protein, and other structural proteins.
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA, protein, and RNA found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomal DNA encodes most or all of an organism's genetic information; some species also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal genetic elements. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. The DNA molecule may be circular or linear, and can be composed of 100,000 to over 3,750,000,000 nucleotides in a long chain. Typically, eukaryotic cells have large linear chromosomes and prokaryotic cells have smaller circular chromosomes, although there are many exceptions to this rule. Also, cells may contain more than one type of chromosome; for example, mitochondria in most eukaryotes and chloroplasts in plants have their own small chromosomes. In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. This allows the very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies through the cell cycle. Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their progeny. Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated. Unduplicated chromosomes are single linear strands, whereas duplicated chromosomes contain two identical copies joined by a centromere.
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"chromosome." Kamus.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 19 Apr. 2024. <https://www.kamus.net/english/chromosome>.
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