circumcisionˌsɜr kəmˈsɪʒ ən
circumcision (n)
- plural
- circumcisions
circumcision
circumcision
circumcision
circumcision
English Definitions:
Circumcision, Feast of the Circumcision, January 1 (noun)
(Roman Catholic Church and Anglican Church) feast day celebrating the circumcision of Jesus; celebrated on January 1st
circumcision (noun)
the act of circumcising performed on males eight days after birth as a Jewish and Muslim religious rite
circumcision (noun)
the act of circumcising; surgical removal of the foreskin of males
circumcision (Noun)
The act of excising or amputating the foreskin or prepuce from the penis.
circumcision (Noun)
The act of excising tissue from the vulva of the female.
Circumcision
Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin from the human penis. In a typical procedure, the foreskin is opened and then separated from the glans after inspection. The circumcision device is placed, and then the foreskin is removed. Topical or locally injected anesthesia may be used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. For adults, general anesthesia is an option, and the procedure is often performed without a specialized circumcision device. The procedure is most often elected for religious reasons or personal preferences, but may be indicated for both therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. It is a treatment option for pathological phimosis, refractory balanoposthitis and chronic urinary tract infections; it is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health. The positions of the world's major medical organizations range from considering neonatal circumcision as having a modest health benefit that outweighs small risks to viewing it as having no benefit and significant risks. No major medical organization recommends either universal circumcision for all infant males, or banning the procedure. Ethical and legal questions regarding informed consent and autonomy have been raised over non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision.
Circumcision
Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. Circumcision is generally electively performed, most commonly done as a form of preventive healthcare, as a religious obligation, or as a cultural practice. It is also an option for cases of phimosis, other pathologies that do not resolve with other treatments, and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). The procedure is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health.Circumcision is associated with reduced rates of sexually transmitted infections and urinary tract infections. This includes decreasing the incidence of cancer-causing forms of human papillomavirus (HPV) and significantly reducing HIV transmission among heterosexual men within high risk populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS recommend circumcision as part of a comprehensive HIV transmission program in areas with high endemic rates of HIV. The WHO does not recommend circumcision for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men; effectiveness of using circumcision to prevent HIV in the developed world is unclear. Neonatal circumcision also decreases the risk of penile cancer. Complication rates are higher when the procedure is performed on older people. A 2010 review found circumcisions performed by medical providers to have a typical complication rate of 1.5% for babies and 6% for older children, with few cases of severe complications. Bleeding, infection, and the removal of either too much or too little foreskin are the most common acute complications. Meatal stenosis is the most common long term complication. Major medical organizations hold variant perspectives on the prophylactic efficacy of the elective circumcision of minors. The World Health Organization (WHO), UNAIDS, and American medical organizations take the position that it carries prophylactic health benefits which outweigh small risks, while European medical organizations generally hold the belief that in these situations its medical benefits are not counterbalanced by risk.Prophylactic circumcision originated in England during the 1850s, becoming established as a way to preventing sexually transmitted infections. Beyond use as a prophylactic or treatment option in healthcare, circumcision also plays a major role in many of the world's cultures and religions, most prominently Judaism and Islam. Circumcision is among the most important commandments in Judaism. Historically, campaigns of Jewish persecution have repeatedly included bans on the practice as a means of forceful assimilation, conversion, and ethnocide. Circumcision has also played a major role in Christian history and theology. Among the vast majority of Christian denominations, it is not considered a practice that is obligatory or recommended for religious reasons. Variant medical, cultural, ethical, and social views on circumcision have led to a widely diverging incidence and prevalence within polities. Circumcision is widespread in Australia, Canada, Africa, parts of Asia, the United States, South Korea, and New Zealand. It is relatively rare for non-religious reasons in arts of Southern Africa, Latin America, Europe, and parts of Asia. The origin of circumcision is not known with certainty; the oldest documentation comes from ancient Egypt.
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