correctness
correctness (n)
English Definitions:
correctness, rightness (noun)
conformity to fact or truth
correctness (noun)
the quality of conformity to social expectations
correctness (Noun)
freedom from error
correctness (Noun)
conformity to the truth or to fact
correctness (Noun)
conformity to recognized standards
correctness (Noun)
The state of an algorithm that correctly mirrors its specification.
Correctness
In theoretical computer science, correctness of an algorithm is asserted when it is said that the algorithm is correct with respect to a specification. Functional correctness refers to the input-output behaviour of the algorithm. A distinction is made between total correctness, which additionally requires that the algorithm terminates, and partial correctness, which simply requires that if an answer is returned it will be correct. Since there is no general solution to the halting problem, a total correctness assertion may lie much deeper. A termination proof is a type of mathematical proof that plays a critical role in formal verification because total correctness of an algorithm depends on termination. For example, successively searching through integers 1, 2, 3, … to see if we can find an example of some phenomenon — say an odd perfect number — it is quite easy to write a partially correct program. But to say this program is totally correct would be to assert something currently not known in number theory. A proof would have to be a mathematical proof, assuming both the algorithm and specification are given formally. In particular it is not expected to be a correctness assertion for a given program implementing the algorithm on a given machine. That would involve such considerations as limitations on computer memory.
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