differentialˌdɪf əˈrɛn ʃəl
differential (n)
- plural
- differentials
English Definitions:
derived function, derivative, differential coefficient, differential, first derivative (noun)
the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx
differential (noun)
a quality that differentiates between similar things
differential gear, differential (adj)
a bevel gear that permits rotation of two shafts at different speeds; used on the rear axle of automobiles to allow wheels to rotate at different speeds on curves
differential (adj)
relating to or showing a difference
"differential treatment"
differential (adj)
involving or containing one or more derivatives
"differential equation"
differential (Noun)
the differential gear in an automobile etc
differential (Noun)
a qualitative or quantitative difference between similar or comparable things
differential (Noun)
an infinitesimal change in a variable, or the result of differentiation
differential (Adjective)
of, or relating to a difference
differential (Adjective)
dependent on, or making a difference; distinctive
differential (Adjective)
having differences in speed or direction of motion
differential (Adjective)
of, or relating to differentiation, or the differential calculus
Differential
A differential is a device, usually, but not necessarily, employing gears, which is connected to the outside world by three shafts, chains, or similar, through which it transmits torque and rotation. The gears or other components make the three shafts rotate in such a way that, where, and are the angular velocities of the three shafts, and and are constants. Often, but not always, and are equal, so is proportional to the sum of and . Except in some special-purpose differentials, there are no other limitations on the rotational speeds of the shafts, apart from the usual mechanical/engineering limits. Any of the shafts can be used to input rotation, and the other to output it. See animation of a simple differential in which and are equal. The shaft rotating at speed is at the bottom-right of the image. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, a differential is the usual way to allow the driving roadwheels to rotate at different speeds. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The engine is connected to the shaft rotating at angular velocity . The driving wheels are connected to the other two shafts, and and are equal. If the engine is running at a constant speed, the rotational speed of each driving wheel can vary, but the sum of the two wheels' speeds can not change. An increase in the speed of one wheel must be balanced by an equal decrease in the speed of the other.
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