menaceˈmɛn ɪs
menace (v)
- present
- menaces
- past
- menaced
- past participle
- menaced
- present participle
- menacing
menace (n)
English Definitions:
menace, threat (noun)
something that is a source of danger
"earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan"
menace (verb)
a threat or the act of threatening
"he spoke with desperate menace"
endanger, jeopardize, jeopardise, menace, threaten, imperil, peril (verb)
pose a threat to; present a danger to
"The pollution is endangering the crops"
menace (verb)
express a threat either by an utterance or a gesture
"he menaced the bank manager with a stick"
menace (verb)
act in a threatening manner
"A menacing person"
Menace
Menace or Maenace is an ancient Greek settlement lying to the southeast of Spain according to Strabo. The exact location is unknown to date.
MENACE
The Matchbox Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine (sometimes called the Machine Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine or MENACE) was a mechanical computer made from 304 matchboxes designed and built by artificial intelligence researcher Donald Michie in 1961. It was designed to play human opponents in games of noughts and crosses (tic-tac-toe) by returning a move for any given state of play and to refine its strategy through reinforcement learning. Michie did not have a computer readily available, so he worked around this restriction by building it out of matchboxes. The matchboxes used by Michie each represented a single possible layout of a noughts and crosses grid. When the computer first played, it would randomly choose moves based on the current layout. As it played more games, through a reinforcement loop, it disqualified strategies that led to losing games, and supplemented strategies that led to winning games. Michie held a tournament against MENACE in 1961, wherein he experimented with different openings. Following MENACE's maiden tournament against Michie, it demonstrated successful artificial intelligence in its strategy. Michie's essays on MENACE's weight initialisation and the BOXES algorithm used by MENACE became popular in the field of computer science research. Michie was honoured for his contribution to machine learning research, and was twice commissioned to program a MENACE simulation on an actual computer.
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"menace." Kamus.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 25 Apr. 2024. <https://www.kamus.net/english/menace>.
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