antigenˈæn tɪ dʒən, -ˌdʒɛn
antigen (n)
English Definitions:
antigen (noun)
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)
antigen (Noun)
A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is the substance that binds specifically to the respective antibody. Each antibody from the diverse repertoire binds a specific antigenic structure by means of its variable region interaction, in analogy to the fit between a lock and a key. Paul Ehrlich has coined the term antibody in his Side-chain theory at the end of 19th century. The term antigen originally came from ANTIbody GENerator. The antigen may originate from within the body or from the external environment. "Self" antigens are usually well tolerated by the immune system, which has been educated to non-reactivity against the structures present inside the body under the physiological conditions. "Non-self" antigens can be identified as invaders from the outside world or modified/harmful substances present under the distressed conditions in the body and only these are supposed to be attacked by the immune system. In other words, the immune system will try to destroy or neutralize any antigen that has been recognized as a foreign substance and/or signal of harmed tissues. In agreement with Hippocratic Corpus and the phrase Primum non nocere it keeps the homeostasis of the organism.
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. The term antigen originally referred to a substance that is an antibody generator. Antigens can be proteins, peptides (amino acid chains), polysaccharides (chains of monosaccharides/simple sugars), lipids, or nucleic acids.Antigens are recognized by antigen receptors, including antibodies and T-cell receptors. Diverse antigen receptors are made by cells of the immune system so that each cell has a specificity for a single antigen. Upon exposure to an antigen, only the lymphocytes that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal selection. In most cases, an antibody can only react to and bind one specific antigen; in some instances, however, antibodies may cross-react and bind more than one antigen. The antigen may originate from within the body ("self-protein") or from the external environment ("non-self"). The immune system identifies and attacks "non-self" external antigens and usually does not react to self-protein due to negative selection of T cells in the thymus and B cells in the bone marrow.Vaccines are examples of antigens in an immunogenic form, which are intentionally administered to a recipient to induce the memory function of the adaptive immune system towards antigens of the pathogen invading that recipient. The vaccine for seasonal influenza is a common example.
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